r.classen/Shutterstock Save for later Print Download Share LinkedIn Twitter Kazakhstan has signaled a tougher approach toward Western majors operating in the country by launching arbitration claims totaling $16.5 billion against two of the largest oil and gas producers: North Caspian Operating Co. (NCOC), which oversees the offshore Kashagan project; and the Shell-Eni-led consortium developing the onshore Karachaganak gas condensate field.
